Reliable Data Centre Models for Power System Planning

Summary: Ontario’s electricity grid is undergoing rapid transformation driven by the growth of large-scale, power-electronic-dominated loads such as data centres and industrial facilities, which present unique operational challenges due to their voltage sensitivity, rapid power fluctuations, and the risk of simultaneous tripping during disturbances. Recent disturbances across North America have highlighted the emerging risks of voltage instability and large-scale load loss caused by these new types of loads, creating an urgent need for improved modeling and testing approaches. To address these challenges, the Grid Modernization Centre at the University of Toronto has proposed a research project that aims to establish high-fidelity large-load models, realistic ride-through criteria, and validated mitigation strategies to ensure reliable integration of large-scale loads into Ontario’s future grid. The project will develop validated RMS and EMT models, assess and mitigate oscillation risks, and support regulatory and operational planning frameworks with model-based evidence and recommendations.